Numbers-Chapter-35

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Colour coded details of our beloved TaNaKh:

1. Torah = History & Law, 2. Nevi’im = The Prophets. 3. *Ketuvim = all other Writings.

*The Ketuvim - Includes, Poetical books - Psalms, Proverbs, Job, the Megillot, or Scrolls - Song of Solomon, Ruth, Lamentations of Jeremiah, Ecclesiastes, and Esther, prophecy of Daniel, and history of Ezra, Nehemiah, and Chronicles I & II.

Please Note: Some alterations or (additions) have been made relating to ‘Names’ and ‘Attributes’ of אֱלֹהִים - Elohim, having been corrected like it once was pre the “Masoretic Text”.

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Remember the following truth from our beloved Torah!

Ye shall NOT ADD TO THE WORD which I command you, NEITHER SHALL YE DIMINISH FROM IT, that ye may keep the commandments of יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם - the LORD your Eloleichem, which I command you”. Davarim - Deuteronomy 4:2. (JPS-1917).

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“Numbers Chapter 35”

With Rabbi, Dr. Reuven Ben Avraham-Goossens, PhD.

Introduction:

In Numbers Chapter 35, the narrative shifts from the physical boundaries of the land to the moral and social infrastructure required to sustain a holy society. By establishing cities for the Levites and designating Cities of Refuge, the Torah provides a blueprint for balancing justice with mercy. This chapter ensures that the spiritual leaders are integrated throughout the nation and that the land remains untainted by un’avenged or accidental bloodshed.

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Let us read Numbers Chapter 35, verses 1 to 34: (JPS-1917 version of the Torah). Below this chapter you will find my commentary for this study.

1 “And יְהוָה - the LORD spoke unto Moses in the plains of Moab by the Jordan at Jericho, saying: 2 ‘Command the children of Israel, that they give unto the Levites of the inheritance of their possession cities to dwell in; and open land round about the cities shall ye give unto the Levites. 3 And the cities shall they have to dwell in; and their open land shall be for their cattle, and for their substance, and for all their beasts. 4 And the open land about the cities, which ye shall give unto the Levites, shall be from the wall of the city and outward a thousand cubits round about. 5 And ye shall measure without the city for the east side two thousand cubits, and for the south side two thousand cubits, and for the west side two thousand cubits, and for the north side two thousand cubits, the city being in the midst. This shall be to them the open land about the cities. 6 And the cities which ye shall give unto the Levites, they shall be the six cities of refuge, which ye shall give for the manslayer to flee thither; and beside them ye shall give forty and two cities. 7 All the cities which ye shall give to the Levites shall be forty and eight cities: them shall ye give with the open land about them. 8 And concerning the cities which ye shall give of the possession of the children of Israel, from the many ye shall take many, and from the few ye shall take few; each tribe according to its inheritance which it inheriteth shall give of its cities unto the Levites’. 9 And יְהוָה - the LORD spoke unto Moses, saying: 10 ‘Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them: When ye pass over the Jordan into the land of Canaan, 11 then ye shall appoint you cities to be cities of refuge for you, that the manslayer that killeth any person through error may flee thither. 12 And the cities shall be unto you for refuge from the avenger, that the manslayer die not, until he stand before the congregation for judgment. 13 And as to the cities which ye shall give, there shall be for you six cities of refuge. 14 Ye shall give three cities beyond the Jordan, and three cities shall ye give in the land of Canaan; they shall be cities of refuge. 15 For the children of Israel, and for the stranger and for the settler among them, shall these six cities be for refuge, that every one that killeth any person through error may flee thither. 16 But if he smote him with an instrument of iron, so that he died, he is a murderer; the murderer shall surely be put to death. 17 And if he smote him with a stone in the hand, whereby a man may die, and he died, he is a murderer; the murderer shall surely be put to death. 18 Or if he smote him with a weapon of wood in the hand, whereby a man may die, and he died, he is a murderer; the murderer shall surely be put to death. 19 The avenger of blood shall himself put the murderer to death; when he meeteth him, he shall put him to death. 20 And if he thrust him of hatred, or hurled at him any thing, lying in wait, so that he died; 21 or in enmity smote him with his hand, that he died; he that smote him shall surely be put to death: he is a murderer; the avenger of blood shall put the murderer to death when he meeteth him. 22 But if he thrust him suddenly without enmity, or hurled upon him any thing without lying in wait, 23 or with any stone, whereby a man may die, seeing him not, and cast it upon him, so that he died, and he was not his enemy, neither sought his harm; 24 then the congregation shall judge between the smiter and the avenger of blood according to these ordinances; 25 and the congregation shall deliver the manslayer out of the hand of the avenger of blood, and the congregation shall restore him to his city of refuge, whither he was fled; and he shall dwell therein until the death of the high priest, who was anointed with the holy oil. 26 But if the manslayer shall at any time go beyond the border of his city of refuge, whither he fleeth27 and the avenger of blood find him without the border of his city of refuge, and the avenger of blood slay the manslayer; there shall be no blood guiltiness for him; 28 because he must remain in his city of refuge until the death of the high priest; but after the death of the high priest the manslayer may return into the land of his possession. 29 And these things shall be for a statute of judgment unto you throughout your generations in all your dwellings. 30 Whoso killeth any person, the murderer shall be slain at the mouth of witnesses; but one witness shall not testify against any person that he die31 Moreover ye shall take no ransom for the life of a murderer, that is guilty of death; but he shall surely be put to death. 32 And ye shall take no ransom for him that is fled to his city of refuge, that he should come again to dwell in the land, until the death of the priest. 33 So ye shall not pollute the land wherein ye are; for blood, it polluteth the land; and no expiation can be made for the land for the blood that is shed therein, but by the blood of him that shed it. 34 And thou shalt not defile the land which ye inhabit, in the midst of which I dwell; for I יְהוָה - the LORD dwell in the midst of the children of Israel’”.

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Below is my Commentary on Numbers Chapter 35:

Verses 1-5: The command to provide the Levites with cities and open pasturelands ensures that those dedicated to spiritual service are not isolated. By placing the Levites among all the tribes, the Torah weaves a thread of spiritual guidance into the very fabric of daily commerce and agriculture.

Verses 6-8: The distribution of the forty-eight cities, including the six cities of refuge, highlights a proportional responsibility. Larger tribes gave more, and smaller tribes gave less, teaching that communal obligations should be shared according to one's means and resources.

Verses 9-15: The establishment of Cities of Refuge provides a vital safeguard against the cycle of blood vengeance. These cities offer a “time-out” from emotional impulse, ensuring that an accidental killer has the right to a fair trial and protection from immediate retribution.

Verses 16-21: Here, the Torah distinguishes between accidental manslaughter and premeditated murder. By defining the types of weapons and the intent involved, the law establishes that true justice requires a careful examination of motive, preventing the legal system from becoming a tool for personal grudges.

Verses 22-28: The requirement for the accidental manslayer to remain in the City of Refuge until the death of the High Priest serves as a unique form of “communal atonement”. It acknowledges the tragedy of the lost life while protecting the survivor, showing that even accidental harm has a weight that requires a period of dwelling in a sacred space.

Verses 29-34: The chapter concludes with a powerful prohibition against polluting the land with blood. Justice is presented not just as a social necessity, but as a spiritual requirement to keep the land “clean” so that the Divine Presence may continue to dwell in the midst of the people.

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My Closing Message:

Numbers Chapter 35 reminds us that a truly civilized society is one that protects the vulnerable while upholding the absolute sanctity of life. By integrating justice into the landscape, we learn that our environment is a reflection of our moral choices!

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שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם Shalom Aleichem - Peace be with you!

Rabbi, Dr. Reuven Ben Avraham-Goossens, PhD.

 

 

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