Joshua-Chapter-22

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Remember the following truth from our beloved Torah!

Ye shall NOT ADD TO THE WORD which I command you, NEITHER SHALL YE DIMINISH FROM IT, that ye may keep the commandments of יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם - the LORD your Eloleichem, which I command you”. Davarim - Deuteronomy 4:2. (JPS-1917).

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“Joshua Chapter 22”

With Rabbi, Dr. Reuven Ben Avraham-Goossens, PhD.

Introduction:

Joshua Chapter 22 marks the formal conclusion of the conquest and initial settlement of Canaan. Having fulfilled their pledge to fight alongside their brethren until the land was subdued, the Transjordanian tribes are now released from military service. This chapter highlights the delicate balance between tribal autonomy and national unity, centred on the shared devotion to the Mishkan (Tabernacle) and the laws of the Torah. It serves as a profound lesson on the importance of clear communication and the prevention of religious schism within the house of Israel.

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Part One of Joshua Chapter 22, verses 1 to 34: Whilst below the verses are the Explanation’s. (The Chapter is from JPS-1917 version of the Torah).

Verses 1-4: Then Joshua called the Reubenites, and the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh, and said unto them: ‘Ye have kept all that Moses the servant of יְהוָה - the LORD commanded you, and have hearkened unto my voice in all that I commanded you; ye have not left your brethren these many days unto this day, but have kept the charge of the commandment of יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם - the LORD your EloheichemAnd now יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם - the LORD your Eloheichem hath given rest unto your brethren, as He spoke unto them; therefore now turn ye, and get you unto your tents, unto the land of your possession, which Moses the servant of יְהוָה - the LORD gave you beyond the Jordan.

Explanation Verses 1-4: Joshua summons the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh, acknowledging that they have faithfully kept their promise to Moses and remained loyal to their brothers throughout the long years of war. Since אֱלֹהִים - Elohim (God) has given the rest of Israel peace, Joshua officially permits them to return to their homes on the eastern side of the Jordan.

Verse 5: Only take diligent heed to do the commandment and the law, which Moses the servant of יְהוָה - the LORD commanded you, to love יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם - the LORD your Eloheichem, and to walk in all His ways, and to keep His commandments, and to cleave unto Him, and to serve Him with all your heart and with all your soul’.

Explanation Verse 5: Before they depart, Joshua issues a solemn charge: to be exceedingly careful to follow the commandments and the Torah. He emphasizes loving the Eternal, walking in His ways, and cleaving to Him with all their heart and soul, ensuring that their physical distance from the religious centre does not lead to spiritual drift.

Verses 6-8: So Joshua blessed them, and sent them away; and they went unto their tents. Now to the one half-tribe of Manasseh Moses had given inheritance in Bashan; but unto the other half gave Joshua among their brethren beyond the Jordan westward. Moreover when Joshua sent them away unto their tents, he blessed them, and spoke unto them, saying: ‘Return with much wealth unto your tents, and with very much cattle, with silver, and with gold, and with brass, and with iron, and with very much raiment; divide the spoil of your enemies with your brethren’.

Explanation Verses 6-8: Joshua blesses the departing tribes and sends them away. He notes that they are returning with great wealth, cattle, silver, gold, brass, iron, and clothing and instructs them to share the spoils of war with the kinsmen who remained behind to guard their families.

Verse 9: And the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh returned, and departed from the children of Israel out of Shiloh, which is in the land of Canaan, to go unto the land of Gilead, to the land of their possession, whereof they were possessed, according to the commandment of יְהוָה - the LORD by the hand of Moses.

Explanation Verse 9: The tribes of Reuben, Gad, and the half-tribe of Manasseh depart from Shilo in the land of Canaan to return to the land of Gilead, the territory they had acquired according to the command of the Eternal through Moses.

Verse 10: And when they came unto the region about the Jordan, that is in the land of Canaan, the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh built there an altar by the Jordan, a great altar to look upon.

Explanation Verse 10: Upon reaching the region of the Jordan, while still within the borders of Canaan, the Transjordanian tribes build a massive, highly visible altar.

Verses 11-12: And the children of Israel heard say: ‘Behold, the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh have built an altar in the forefront of the land of Canaan, in the region about the Jordan, on the side that pertaineth to the children of Israel’. And when the children of Israel heard of it, the whole congregation of the children of Israel gathered themselves together at Shiloh, to go up against them to war.

Explanation Verses 11-12: Word reaches the rest of the children of Israel that an altar has been built at the frontier. Fearing this is an act of rebellion against the central sanctuary at Shilo, the entire congregation gathers at Shilo to prepare for war against their own brothers.

Verses 13-14: And the children of Israel sent unto the children of Reuben, and to the children of Gad, and to the half-tribe of Manasseh, into the land of Gilead, Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest; and with him ten princes, one prince of a fathers' house for each of the tribes of Israel; and they were every one of them head of their fathers' houses among the thousands of Israel.

Explanation Verses 13-14: In an attempt to avoid immediate bloodshed, the Israelites send a delegation led by Phinehas, son of Eleazar the priest, accompanied by ten tribal chiefs, to confront the Transjordanian tribes in Gilead.

Verses 15-20: And they came unto the children of Reuben, and to the children of Gad, and to the half-tribe of Manasseh, unto the land of Gilead, and they spoke with them, saying: ‘Thus saith the whole congregation of יְהוָה - the LORD: What treachery is this that ye have committed against the God of Israel, to turn away this day from following יְהוָה - the LORD, in that ye have builded you an altar, to rebel this day against יְהוָה - the LORD? Is the iniquity of Peor too little for us, from which we have not cleansed ourselves unto this day, although there came a plague upon the congregation of יְהוָה - the LORD, that ye must turn away this day from following יְהוָה - the LORD? and it will be, seeing ye rebel to-day against יְהוָה - the LORD, that to-morrow He will be wroth with the whole congregation of IsraelHowbeit, if the land of your possession be unclean, then pass ye over unto the land of the possession of יְהוָה - the LORD, wherein יְהוָה - the LORD’s tabernacle dwelleth, and take possession among us; but rebel not against יְהוָה - the LORD, nor rebel against us, in building you an altar besides the altar ofיְהוָה אֱלֹהֵינוּ - the LORD our EloheynuDid not Achan the son of Zerah commit a trespass concerning the devoted thing, and wrath fell upon all the congregation of Israel? and that man perished not alone in his iniquity’.

Explanation Verses 15-20: The delegation accuses the two and a half tribes of treachery. They cite the sin of Peor and the sin of Achan, reminding them that the rebellion of a few can bring Divine wrath upon the entire community. They even offer to share their own land in Canaan if the Transjordanian territory is considered "unclean" without an altar.

Verses 21-23: Then the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh answered, and spoke unto the heads of the thousands of Israel: אֱלֹהִים - Elohim, אֱלֹהִים - Elohim, יְהוָה - the LORD, - Elohim, אֱלֹהִים - Elohim, יְהוָה - the LORD, He knoweth, and Israel he shall know; if it be in rebellion, or if in treachery against יְהוָה - the LORD save Thou us not this day that we have built us an altar to turn away from following יְהוָה - the LORD; or if to offer thereon burnt-offering or meal-offering, or if to offer sacrifices of peace-offerings thereon, let יְהוָה - the LORD Himself require it;

Explanation Verses 21-23: The tribes of Reuben, Gad, and Manasseh respond with a powerful oath, invoking the Names of the Almighty: “The Mighty One, אֱלֹהִים - Elohim, the Eternal!” They declare that if they built the altar for burnt offerings or sacrifices in rebellion against אֱלֹהִים - Elohim, they should not be spared.

Verses 24-29: and if we have not rather out of anxiety about a matter done this, saying: In time to come your children might speak unto our children, saying: What have ye to do with יְהוָה - the LORD, the אֱלֹהִים - Elohim of Israelfor יְהוָה - the LORD hath made the Jordan a border between us and you, ye children of Reuben and children of Gad; ye have no portion in יְהוָה - the LORD; so might your children make our children cease from fearing יְהוָה - the LORD. Therefore we said: Let us now prepare to build us an altar, not for burnt-offering, nor for sacrifice; but it shall be a witness between us and you, and between our generations after us, that we may do the service of יְהוָה - the LORD before Him with our burnt-offerings, and with our sacrifices, and with our peace-offerings; that your children may not say to our children in time to come: Ye have no portion in יְהוָה - the LORD. Therefore said we: It shall be, when they so say to us or to our generations in time to come, that we shall say: Behold the pattern of the altar of יְהוָה - the LORD, which our fathers made, not for burnt-offering, nor for sacrifice; but it is a witness between us and you. Far be it from us that we should rebel against יְהוָה - the LORD, and turn away this day from following יְהוָה - the LORD, to build an altar for burnt-offering, for meal-offering, or for sacrifice, besides the altar of יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵינוּ - the LORD our Eloheynu that is before His tabernacle’.

Explanation Verses 24-29: They explain their true motivation: fear of the future. They worried that in generations to come, the western tribes might claim the Jordan is a boundary that excludes the eastern tribes from “a portion in the Eternal”. The altar was built not for sacrifice, but as a “witness” to prove to future generations that they, too, serve the Eternal at His appointed sanctuary.

Verses 30-31: And when Phinehas the priest, and the princes of the congregation, even the heads of the thousands of Israel that were with him, heard the words that the children of Reuben and the children of Gad and the children of Manasseh spoke, it pleased them well. And Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest said unto the children of Reuben, and to the children of Gad, and to the children of Manasseh: ‘This day we know that יְהוָה - the LORD is in the midst of us, because ye have not committed this treachery against יְהוָה - the LORD; now have ye delivered the children of Israel out of the hand of יְהוָה - the LORD’.

Explanation Verses 30-31: Phinehas and the chiefs are satisfied with this explanation. They recognise that the tribes have not committed a trespass and conclude that the Divine Presence remains among Israel because a great sin was avoided.

Verses 32-33: And Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest, and the princes, returned from the children of Reuben, and from the children of Gad, out of the land of Gilead, unto the land of Canaan, to the children of Israel, and brought them back word. And the thing pleased the children of Israel; and the children of Israel blessed אֱלֹהִים - Elohim, and spoke no more of going up against them to war, to destroy the land wherein the children of Reuben and the children of Gad dwelt.

Explanation Verses 32-33: The delegation returns to Canaan and reports the truth to the people. The news is received with joy; the Israelites bless אֱלֹהִים - Elohim and abandon their plans for war.

Verse 34: And the children of Reuben and the children of Gad called the altar: ‘for it is a witness between us that יְהוָה - the LORD is  אֱלֹהִים- Elohim”.

Explanation Verse 34: The children of Reuben and Gad name the altar “Ed” (Witness), declaring: “It is a witness between us that the Eternal is אֱלֹהִים - Elohim”.

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My Closing Message:

The resolution of the conflict in Joshua 22 teaches us that the unity of Israel depends as much on mutual trust and clear communication as it does on shared borders. By building the “Witness” altar, the eastern tribes demonstrated their deep desire to remain connected to the spiritual heart of the nation. This chapter reminds us that even when we are geographically separated or hold different roles, our shared commitment to the Torah and our “witness” to the Oneness of אֱלֹהִים - Elohim binds us together as an eternal, indivisible people!

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“The More Torah, the More Life”,

For Elohim is the One who gave us our ... Life!”

May the שָׁלוֹם - Shalom = Peace of צְבָאוֹת- יְהוָהthe LORD of hosts, be with you, and please always uphold our blessed שַׁבָּת - Shabbat, as well as the מוֹעֲדִים Mo’a’dim - Feasts, and continue saying your daily תְּפִלָּה - Tefeelah’s - Prayers and regular בְּרָכָה Be’ra’chah’s - blessings before food and drinks, etc!

שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם Shalom Aleichem - Peace be with you!

Rabbi, Dr. Reuven Ben Avraham-Goossens, PhD.

 

 

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