Joshua-Chapter-21

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Remember the following truth from our beloved Torah!

Ye shall NOT ADD TO THE WORD which I command you, NEITHER SHALL YE DIMINISH FROM IT, that ye may keep the commandments of יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם - the LORD your Eloleichem, which I command you”. Davarim - Deuteronomy 4:2. (JPS-1917).

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Joshua Chapter 21      

Part One.…….

With Rabbi, Dr. Reuven Ben Avraham-Goossens, PhD.

Introduction:

Joshua chapter 21 completes the long process of land distribution among the tribes of Israel. Earlier chapters assigned territories to each tribe, but the tribe of Levi received no independent landholding. Instead, the Levites were to be given cities within the territories of the other tribes. This chapter records the formal request of the Levite leaders, the response of Joshua and the national leadership, and the detailed listing of the cities allocated to each Levitical subgroup.

The chapter also closes with a sweeping summary: the land was settled, the promises made to the ancestors were fulfilled, and Israel enjoyed stability. It concludes with a powerful summary of אֱלֹהִים – Elohim’s (God’s) absolute faithfulness in delivering every promise made to the patriarchs.

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Part One of Joshua Chapter 21, verses 1 to 20: Whilst below the verses are the Explanation’s. (The Chapter is from JPS-1917 version of the Torah).

1. Then came near the heads of fathers’ houses of the Levites unto Eleazar the priest, and unto Joshua the son of Nun, and unto the heads of fathers' houses of the tribes of the children of Israel;

Explanation Verse 1: The Levite leaders approach the central leadership at Shiloh, where the Tent of Meeting stands. This signals that their request is rooted in earlier divine instruction, not personal desire.

2. and they spoke unto them at Shiloh in the land of Canaan, saying: ‘יְהוָה - the LORD commanded by the hand of Moses to give us cities to dwell in, with the open land thereabout for our cattle’.

Explanation Verse 2: They remind Joshua and the heads of the tribes that אֱלֹהִים - Elohim had commanded Moses to assign cities to the Levites. Their appeal is procedural and grounded in law.

3. And the children of Israel gave unto the Levites out of their inheritance, according to the commandment of יְהוָה - the LORD, these cities with the open land about them.

Explanation Verse 3: The Israelite tribes respond cooperatively, granting cities from their own territories. This shows national unity and respect for the Levites’ role.

4. And the lot came out for the families of the Kohathites; and the children of Aaron the priest, who were of the Levites, had by lot out of the tribe of Judah, and out of the tribe of the Simeonites, and out of the tribe of Benjamin, thirteen cities.

Explanation Verse 4: The first lot falls to the Kohathite families descended from Aaron. Because the priests come from this line, they receive cities within the territory of Judah, Simeon, and Benjamin tribes close to the spiritual center.

5. And the rest of the children of Kohath had by lot out of the families of the tribe of Ephraim, and out of the tribe of Dan, and out of the half-tribe of Manasseh, ten cities.

Explanation Verse 5: The remaining Kohathites (non‑priestly) receive cities from Ephraim, Dan, and half‑Manasseh. Their distribution reflects a spread across central Israel.

6. And the children of Gershon had by lot out of the families of the tribe of Issachar, and out of the tribe of Asher, and out of the tribe of Naphtali, and out of the half-tribe of Manasseh in Bashan, thirteen cities.

Explanation Verse 6: The Gershonites receive cities from Issachar, Asher, Naphtali, and the eastern half of Manasseh. Their placement spans northern and northeastern regions.

7. The children of Merari according to their families had out of the tribe of Reuben, and out of the tribe of Gad, and out of the tribe of Zebulun, twelve cities.

Explanation Verse 7: The Merarites receive cities from Reuben, Gad, and Zebulun. This places them in southern Transjordan and the northern coastal plain.

8. And the children of Israel gave by lot unto the Levites these cities with the open land about them, as יְהוָה - the LORD commanded by the hand of Moses.

Explanation Verse 8: The narrator emphasizes that the distribution follows אֱלֹהִים - Elohim’s command through Moses. This reinforces the legitimacy of the process.

9. And they gave out of the tribe of the children of Judah, and out of the tribe of the children of Simeon, these cities which are here mentioned by name.

Explanation Verse 9: The tribes of Judah and Simeon provide cities for the priestly Kohathites. These tribes border each other, forming a contiguous region.

10. And they were for the children of Aaron, of the families of the Kohathites, who were of the children of Levi; for theirs was the first lot.

Explanation Verse 10: The text reiterates that these cities go to the descendants of Aaron, highlighting their elevated status among the Levites.

11. And they gave them Kiriath-arba, which Arba was the father of Anak--the same is Hebron in the hill-country of Judah, with the open land round about it.

Explanation Verse 11: Hebron is given as a priestly city, though its surrounding fields remain with Caleb. This preserves Caleb’s inheritance while fulfilling the Levite requirement.

12. But the fields of the city, and the villages thereof, gave they to Caleb the son of Jephunneh for his possession.

Explanation Verse 12: The agricultural land around Hebron stays with Caleb, distinguishing between the city proper and its rural territory.

13. And unto the children of Aaron the priest they gave Hebron with the open land about it, the city of refuge for the manslayer, and Libnah with the open land about it;

Explanation Verse 13: Hebron becomes a city of refuge for accidental killers. This dual function, priestly city and refuge, underscores its importance.

14. and Jattir with the open land about it, and Eshtemoa with the open land about it;

Explanation Verse 14: Additional cities are listed for the priestly families, forming a cluster in Judah and Benjamin.

15. and Holon with the open land about it, and Debir with the open land about it;

Explanation Verse 15: The list continues, showing the priests’ cities concentrated in the southern highlands.

16. and Ain with the open land about it, and Juttah with the open land about it, and Beth-shemesh with the open land about it; nine cities out of those two tribes.

Explanation Verse 16: More cities are enumerated, completing the priestly allotment.

17. And out of the tribe of Benjamin, Gibeon with the open land about it, Geba with the open land about it;

Explanation Verse 17: Benjamin’s contribution begins, placing priestly cities near the future political centre.

18. Anathoth with the open land about it, and Almon with the open land about it; four cities.

Explanation Verse 18: The list of Benjaminite cities continues, reinforcing the priests’ presence in central Israel.

19. All the cities of the children of Aaron, the priests, were thirteen cities with the open land about them.

Explanation Verse 19: The total number of priestly cities is summarized, confirming the completeness of the allocation.

20. And the families of the children of Kohath, the Levites, even the rest of the children of Kohath, they had the cities of their lot out of the tribe of Ephraim.

Explanation Verse 20: Attention shifts to the non‑priestly Kohathites, who receive cities in Ephraim.

This is Part One of this study; it is Continued in Part Two.

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שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם Shalom Aleichem - Peace be with you!

Rabbi, Dr. Reuven Ben Avraham-Goossens, PhD.

 

 

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