Joshua Chapter 17

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“Joshua Chapter 17”

With Rabbi, Dr. Reuven Ben Avraham-Goossens, PhD.

Introduction:

Joshua Chapter 17 details the distribution of land to the remaining half of the tribe of ‘Manasseh’, the firstborn of Joseph. This chapter is significant as it highlights the geographical expansion of the ‘Josephite tribes’ into the central and northern hill country of Canaan. Central to this narrative is the legal precedent set by the daughters of Zelophehad, which ensures that family inheritance is preserved even in the absence of male heirs. The text also addresses the practical challenges of settlement, as the tribe expresses concerns about the difficulty of clearing the forested highlands and the military threat posed by the Canaanites dwelling in the valleys with their iron chariots.

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Below are the verses of Joshua Chapter 17, verses 1 to 18: Whilst below the verses are the Explanation’s and more. (The Chapter is from JPS-1917 version of the Tanakh).

Verses 1-2: “And this was the lot for the tribe of Manasseh; for he was the first-born of Joseph. As for Machir the first-born of Manasseh, the father of Gilead, because he was a man of war, therefore he had Gilead and Bashan. And the lot was for the rest of the children of Manasseh according to their families; for the children of Abiezer, and for the children of Helek, and for the children of Asriel, and for the children of Shechem, and for the children of Hepher, and for the children of Shemida; these were the male children of Manasseh the son of Joseph according to their families.

Explanation: Verses 1-2 establish the genealogy of Manasseh, noting that Machir, as a man of war, had already received Gilead and Bashan. The remaining families of Manasseh are now assigned their portions west of the Jordan.

Verses 3-4: But Zelophehad, the son of Hepher, the son of Gilead, the son of Machir, the son of Manasseh, had no sons, but daughters; and these are the names of his daughters: Mahlah, and Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and TirzahAnd they came near before Eleazar the priest, and before Joshua the son of Nun, and before the princes, saying: ‘יְהוָה - the LORD commanded Moses to give us an inheritance among our brethren’; therefore according to the commandment of יְהוָה - the LORD he gave them an inheritance among the brethren of their father.

Explanation: Verses 3-4 recount the petition of the daughters of Zelophehad, Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah. They approach Joshua and the priest Eleazar, citing the command given to Moses to grant them an inheritance among their father’s kinsmen.

Verses 5-6: And there fell ten parts to Manasseh, beside the land of Gilead and Bashan, which is beyond the Jordanbecause the daughters of Manasseh had an inheritance among his sons; and the land of Gilead belonged unto the rest of the sons of Manasseh.

Explanation: Verses 5-6 confirm that ten portions were allotted to Manasseh west of the Jordan, in addition to the Transjordanian holdings, specifically because the daughters were granted a share alongside the sons.

Verses 7-9: And the border of Manasseh was, beginning from Asher, Michmethath, which is before Shechem; and the border went along to the right hand, unto the inhabitants of En-tappuah. The land of Tappuah belonged to Manasseh; but Tappuah on the border of Manasseh belonged to the children of Ephraim. And the border went down unto the brook of Kanah, southward of the brook, by cities which belonged to Ephraim among the cities of Manasseh; but the border of Manasseh was on the north side of the brook; and the goings out thereof were at the sea:

Explanation: Verses 7-9 describe the borders of Manasseh, running from Asher to Michmethath and southward toward the spring of Tappuah. The territory of Tappuah belonged to Manasseh, though the town itself sat on the border with Ephraim.

Verses 10-11: southward it was Ephraim’s, and northward it was Manasseh’s, and the sea was his border; and they reached to Asher on the north, and to Issachar on the east. And Manasseh had in Issachar and in Asher Beth-shean and its towns, and Ibleam and its towns, and the inhabitants of Dor and its towns, and the inhabitants of En-dor and its towns, and the inhabitants of Taanach and its towns, and the inhabitants of Megiddo and its towns, even the three regions.

Explanation: Verses 10-11 clarify the overlapping borders with Ephraim to the south and Asher and Issachar to the north. Manasseh is also granted significant enclaves within Issachar and Asher, including Beth’shean, Ibleam, and Dor.

Verses 12-13: Yet the children of Manasseh could not drive out the inhabitants of those cities; but the Canaanites were resolved to dwell in that land. And it came to pass, when the children of Israel were waxen strong, that they put the Canaanites to taskwork, but did not utterly drive them out.

Explanation: Verses 12-13 acknowledge that the children of Manasseh were initially unable to drive out the inhabitants of these specific cities. However, as Israel grew stronger, they imposed tribute upon the Canaanites rather than completely dispossessing them.

Verses 14-15: And the children of Joseph spoke unto Joshua, saying: ‘Why hast thou given me but one lot and one part for an inheritance, seeing I am a great people, forasmuch as יְהוָה - the LORD hath blessed me thus?’ And Joshua said unto them: ‘If thou be a great people, get thee up to the forest, and cut down for thyself there in the land of the Perizzites and of the Rephaim; since the hill-country of Ephraim is too narrow for thee’.

Explanation: Verses 14-15 record the complaint of the house of Joseph, who argue that they are a numerous people and that one single allotment is insufficient for their size. Joshua responds by challenging them to prove their strength by clearing the forest lands of the Perizzites and Rephaim.

Verses 16-18: And the children of Joseph said: ‘The hill-country will not be enough for us; and all the Canaanites that dwell in the land of the valley have chariots of iron, both they who are in Beth-shean and its towns, and they who are in the valley of Jezreel’. And Joshua spoke unto the house of Joseph, even to Ephraim and to Manasseh, saying: ‘Thou art a great people, and hast great power; thou shalt not have one lot only; but the hill-country shall be thine; for though it is a forest, thou shalt cut it down, and the goings out thereof shall be thine; for thou shalt drive out the Canaanites, though they have chariots of iron, and though they be strong’”.

Explanation: Verses 16-18 detail the tribe's hesitation due to the Canaanites’ iron chariots in the Valley of Jezreel. Joshua encourages them, affirming their status as a “great power” and insisting that they shall possess the mountain and drive out the Canaanites, regardless of their superior weaponry.

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My Closing Message:

The narrative of Joshua 17 serves as a powerful lesson in both ‘legal justice’ and ‘spiritual fortitude’. Through the daughters of Zelophehad, we see the Torah’s concern for the continuity of the family unit and the fair distribution of the Land. Furthermore, Joshua’s dialogue with the house of Joseph reminds us that while a blessing may grant us potential, it is our own industry and courage that actualise it. Rather than being deterred by the “iron chariots” of our lives, we are called to expand our borders by transforming the wilderness into a home.

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שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם Shalom Aleichem - Peace be with you!

Rabbi, Dr. Reuven Ben Avraham-Goossens, PhD.

 

 

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