Exodus 31-vs-13-17

 

 

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Colour coded details of our beloved TaNaKh:

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Please Note: Some alterations or (additions) have been made relating to ‘Names’ and ‘Attributes’ of אֱלֹהִים - Elohim (God), having been corrected like it once was pre the “Masoretic Text”.

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Remember the following truth from our beloved Torah!

Ye shall NOT ADD TO THE WORD which I command you, NEITHER SHALL YE DIMINISH FROM IT, that ye may keep the commandments of אֱלֹהֵיכֶם יְהוָה - the LORD your Eloleichem, which I command you”. Davarim - Deuteronomy 4:2. (JPS-1917).

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“Exodus Chapter 31”

  Verses 13 to 17..

With Rabbi, Dr. Reuven Ben Avraham-Goossens, PhD.

There is powerful Sabbath teachings in Shemot - Exodus Chapter 31, verses 13 to 17! This chapter deals with resting from our labours on the 7th day being a sign between אֱלֹהִים - Elohim and His people the Israelites!

The five verses below reveals that ‘Sabbath observance’ is the ‘covenantal sign’, and prescribes its seriousness while rooting it in Creation and אֱלֹהִים - Elohim’s sanctifying work!

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Below is chapter 31, verses 13 to 17 in Hebrew followed by the English translation directly below.

וְאַתָּה דַּבֵּר אֶל-בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל, לֵאמֹר, אַךְ אֶת-שַׁבְּתֹתַי, תִּשְׁמֹרוּ: כִּי אוֹת הִוא בֵּינִי וּבֵינֵיכֶם, לְדֹרֹתֵיכֶם-לָדַעַת, כִּי אֲנִי יְהוָה מְקַדִּשְׁכֶם

וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם, אֶת-הַשַּׁבָּת, כִּי קֹדֶשׁ הִוא, לָכֶם; מְחַלְלֶיהָ, מוֹת יוּמָת-כִּי כָּל-הָעֹשֶׂה בָהּ מְלָאכָה, וְנִכְרְתָה הַנֶּפֶשׁ הַהִוא מִקֶּרֶב עַמֶּיהָ

שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים, יֵעָשֶׂה מְלָאכָה, וּבַיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן קֹדֶשׁ, לַיהוָה; כָּל-הָעֹשֶׂה מְלָאכָה בְּיוֹם הַשַּׁבָּת, מוֹת יוּמָת

וְשָׁמְרוּ בְנֵי-יִשְׂרָאֵל, אֶת-הַשַּׁבָּת, לַעֲשׂוֹת אֶת-הַשַּׁבָּת לְדֹרֹתָם, בְּרִית עוֹלָם

בֵּינִי, וּבֵין בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל-אוֹת הִוא, לְעֹלָם:  כִּי-שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים, עָשָׂה יְהוָה אֶת-הַשָּׁמַיִם וְאֶת-הָאָרֶץ, וּבַיּוֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִי, שָׁבַת וַיִּנָּפַשׁ

The English version is below:

13. ‘Speak thou also unto the children of Israel, saying: ‘Verily ye shall keep My Sabbaths, for it is a sign between Me and you throughout your generations, that ye may know that I am יְהוָה - the LORD who sanctify you. 14. Ye shall keep the Sabbath therefore, for it is Holy unto you; every one that profaneth it shall surely be put to death; for whosoever doeth any work therein, that soul shall be cut off from among his people15. Six days shall work be done; but on the seventh day is a Sabbath of solemn rest, holy to יְהוָה - the LORD; whosoever doeth any work in the Sabbath day, he shall surely be put to death. 16. Wherefore the children of Israel shall keep the Sabbath, to observe the Sabbath throughout their generations, for a perpetual covenant17. It is a sign between Me and the children of Israel forever; for in six days יְהוָה - the LORD made heaven and earth, and on the seventh day He ceased from work and rested’.

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Below is my ‘verse by verse’ Commentary:

Verse 13: This verse establishes Shabbat as a Divine institution, not merely a cultural practice. אֱלֹהִים - Elohim instructs Moses to tell Israel that Shabbat are His Sabbaths, meaning it originates from אֱלֹהִים - Elohim’s will, not ‘human invention’. The phrase “Verily My Sabbaths” emphasizes ‘Ownership’ and ‘Sanctity’.

Verse 14: This verse states the legal consequence for profaning the Sabbath in the wilderness covenant context. The severity underscores that Sabbath-keeping is not optional ritual but the covenantal badge of Israel, a public, communal sign that distinguishes the people. The phrase “cut off” and the ‘death-penalty’ language reflect ancient covenant enforcement and the gravity of violating what marks Israel as classical commentators read this as emphasizing communal holiness and the need to protect the sign of the covenant!

Verse 15: This verse gives the practical rhythm: six days of labour, one day of consecrated rest. The Sabbath is described as “holy to יְהוָה - the LORD” belongs to אֱלֹהִים - Elohim and is set apart for Divine purposes. The command frames work and rest as complementary: productive labour is legitimate and ordained, but it must be bounded by a sanctified cessation. The wording also anticipates later legal distinctions about permitted work (‘necessity’, ‘mercy’, ‘cultic service’).

Verse 16: This verse makes Sabbath observance ‘intergenerational’ and ‘perpetual’. It is not a temporary rule for the desert but a lasting covenantal sign. The term “perpetual covenant” links Sabbath to Israel’s identity across time teaching that Holiness is transmitted and practiced within community and family life. Many commentators note the contrast with circumcision (an earlier sign of course) and explain why Sabbath becomes the distinguishing mark for the Hebrew nation!

Verse 17: The theological foundation is explicit: The ‘Sabbath commemorates Creation’. By tying the command to אֱלֹהִים - Elohim’s rest on the seventh day, the text grounds Israel’s rest in Divine action, for אֱלֹהִים - Elohim ‘sanctifies’ and ‘refreshes’ the people through this remembrance. The phrase “a sign forever” reiterates permanence and Divine ownership; ‘Sabbath’ is both ‘memorial’ and a ‘covenantal seal’.

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My Closing Message:

May my brief, verse‑by‑verse commentary help you to understand how Exodus 31:14–17 binds ‘law’, ‘identity’, and ‘theology’: for the ‘Sabbath is a blessed Divine gift’, a ‘communal sign’, and a ‘perpetual covenant rooted in Creation and אֱלֹהִים - Elohim’s sanctifying work’!

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This site was originally created, for those who desired to return to our blessed and wonderful faith. Thus be wise and work on your faith and pray at least two or three times a day (if possible) and always seek our beloved אֱלֹהִים - Elohim’s guidance, for His love is always with us, especially when we seek Him, blessed be He! However this site has become very much a teaching site with hundreds of studies!

Remember what אֱלֹהִים - Elohim, blessed be He, said the following through a number of our prophets...

Return unto Me, and I will return unto you, saith צְבָאוֹת- יְהוָה- the LORD of hosts” Mal’a’chi - Malachi 3:7. (JPS).

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“Hebraic Studies” motto is as follows;

“The More Torah, the More Life”,

For Elohim is the One who gave us our ... Life!”

May the שָׁלוֹם - Shalom = Peace of צְבָאוֹת- יְהוָהthe LORD of hosts, be with you, and please always uphold our blessed שַׁבָּת - Shabbat, as well as the מוֹעֲדִים Mo’a’dim - Feasts, and continue saying your daily תְּפִלָּה - Tefeelah’s - Prayers and regular בְּרָכָה Be’ra’chah’s - blessings before food and drinks, etc!

שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם Shalom Aleichem - Peace be with you!

Rabbi, Dr. Reuven Ben Avraham-Goossens, PhD.

 

 

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