Joshua-Chapter-8

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Colour coded details of our beloved TaNaKh:

1. Torah = History & Law, 2. Nevi’im = The Prophets. 3. *Ketuvim = all other Writings.

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Please Note: Some alterations or (additions) have been made relating to ‘Names’ and ‘Attributes’ of אֱלֹהִים - Elohim, having been corrected like it once was pre the “Masoretic Text”.

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Remember the following truth from our beloved Torah!

Ye shall NOT ADD TO THE WORD which I command you, NEITHER SHALL YE DIMINISH FROM IT, that ye may keep the commandments of יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם - the LORD your Eloleichem, which I command you”. Davarim - Deuteronomy 4:2. (JPS-1917).

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“Joshua Chapter 8”

With Rabbi, Dr. Reuven Ben Avraham-Goossens, PhD.

Introduction:

After the devastating defeat at Ai caused by Achan’s sin and the subsequent purification of the camp, Chapter 8 marks a turning point of restoration. No longer is Joshua acting on his own initiative; he is now moving under direct Divine command from אֱלֹהִים יְהוָה - the LORD Elohim (God). This chapter transitions from the “shame of Ai” to a master class in military strategy and, ultimately, a profound spiritual rededication. It serves as a reminder that failure is not final when followed by ‘repentance’ and ‘obedience’.

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Let us read Joshua Chapter 8:1-35: (JPS-1917 version of the Tanakh).

1. And יְהוָה the LORD said unto Joshua: ‘Fear not, neither be thou dismayed; take all the people of war with thee, and arise, go up to Ai; see, I have given into thy hand the king of Ai, and his people, and his city, and his land. 2. And thou shalt do to Ai and her king as thou didst unto Jericho and her king; only the spoil thereof, and the cattle thereof, shall ye take for a prey unto yourselves; set thee an ambush for the city behind it’. 3. So Joshua arose, and all the people of war, to go up to Ai; and Joshua chose out thirty thousand men, the mighty men of valour, and sent them forth by night. 4. And he commanded them, saying: ‘Behold, ye shall lie in ambush against the city, behind the city; go not very far from the city, but be ye all ready. 5. And I, and all the people that are with me, will approach unto the city; and it shall come to pass, when they come out against us, as at the first, that we will flee before them. 6. And they will come out after us, till we have drawn them away from the city; for they will say: They flee before us, as at the first; so we will flee before them. 7. And ye shall rise up from the ambush, and take possession of the city; for אֱלֹהֵיכֶם- יְהוָה- the LORD your Eloheichem will deliver it into your hand. 8. And it shall be, when ye have seized upon the city, that ye shall set the city on fire; according to the word of יְהוָה the LORD shall ye do; see, I have commanded you’. 9. And Joshua sent them forth; and they went to the ambushment, and abode between Beth-el and Ai, on the west side of Ai; but Joshua lodged that night among the people. 10. And Joshua rose up early in the morning, and numbered the people, and went up, he and the elders of Israel, before the people to Ai. 11. And all the people, even the men of war that were with him, went up, and drew nigh, and came before the city, and pitched on the north side of Ai now there was a valley between him and Ai. 12. And he took about five thousand men, and set them in ambush between Beth-el and Ai, on the west side of Ai. 13. So the people set themselves in array, even all the host that was on the north of the city, their rear lying in wait on the west of the city; and Joshua went that night into the midst of the vale. 14. And it came to pass, when the king of Ai saw it, that the men of the city hastened and rose up early and went out against Israel to battle, he and all his people, at the time appointed, in front of the Arabah; but he knew not that there was an ambush against him behind the city. 15. And Joshua and all Israel made as if they were beaten before them, and fled by the way of the wilderness. 16. And all the people that were in Ai were called together to pursue after them; and they pursued after Joshua, and were drawn away from the city. 17. And there was not a man left in Ai or Beth-el, that went not out after Israel; and they left the city open, and pursued after Israel. 18. And יְהוָה the LORD said unto Joshua: ‘Stretch out the javelin that is in thy hand toward Ai; for I will give it into thy hand’. And Joshua stretched out the javelin that was in his hand toward the city. 19. And the ambush arose quickly out of their place, and they ran as soon as he had stretched out his hand, and entered into the city, and took it; and they hastened and set the city on fire. 20. And when the men of Ai looked behind them, they saw, and, behold, the smoke of the city ascended up to heaven, and they had no power to flee this way or that way; and the people that fled to the wilderness turned back upon the pursuers. 21. And when Joshua and all Israel saw that the ambush had taken the city, and that the smoke of the city ascended, then they turned back, and slew the men of Ai. 22. And the other came forth out of the city against them; so they were in the midst of Israel, some on this side, and some on that side; and they smote them, so that they let none of them remain or escape. 23. And the king of Ai they took alive, and brought him to Joshua. 24. And it came to pass, when Israel had made an end of slaying all the inhabitants of Ai in the field, even in the wilderness wherein they pursued them, and they were all fallen by the edge of the sword, until they were consumed, that all Israel returned unto Ai, and smote it with the edge of the sword. 25. And all that fell that day, both of men and women, were twelve thousand, even all the men of Ai. 26. For Joshua drew not back his hand, wherewith he stretched out the javelin, until he had utterly destroyed all the inhabitants of Ai. 27. Only the cattle and the spoil of that city Israel took for a prey unto themselves, according unto the word of יְהוָה the LORD which He commanded Joshua. 28. So Joshua burnt Ai, and made it a heap for ever, even a desolation, unto this day. 29 And the king of Ai he hanged on a tree until the eventide; and at the going down of the sun Joshua commanded, and they took his carcass down from the tree, and cast it at the entrance of the gate of the city, and raised thereon a great heap of stones, unto this day. 30. Then Joshua built an altar unto יְהוָה the LORD, the אֱלֹהִים - Elohim of Israel, in mount Ebal31. as Moses the servant of יְהוָה the LORD commanded the children of Israel, as it is written in the book of the law of Moses, an altar of unhewn stones, upon which no man had lifted up any iron; and they offered thereon burnt-offerings unto יְהוָה the LORD, and sacrificed peace-offerings. 32. And he wrote there upon the stones a copy of the law of Moses, which he wrote before the children of Israel33. And all Israel, and their elders and officers, and their judges, stood on this side the ark and on that side before the priests the Levites, that bore the ark of the covenant of יְהוָה the LORD, as well the stranger as the home-born; half of them in front of mount Gerizim and half of them in front of mount Ebal; as Moses the servant of יְהוָה the LORD had commanded at the first, that they should bless the people of Israel. 34. And afterward he read all the words of the law, the blessing and the curse, according to all that is written in the book of the law. 35. There was not a word of all that Moses commanded, which Joshua read not before all the assembly of Israel, and the women, and the little ones, and the strangers that walked among them.

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Explanations of Verses 1-35: (JPS-1917 based).

Verses 1-2: Reassurance and Instruction.
אֱלֹהִים - Elohim tells Joshua, “Fear not, neither be thou dismayed”. This mirrors the opening of the book. Crucially, אֱלֹהִים - Elohim allows the Israelites to keep the spoil and cattle for themselves this time a stark contrast to Jericho, where everything was “cherem” (devoted to אֱלֹהִים - Elohim). Had Achan waited, he would have received his share lawfully. 

Verses 3-13: The Strategy of the Ambush.
Joshua proves himself a brilliant tactician. He sets an ambush of 30,000 men (with a secondary group of 5,000) behind the city. The plan is a “feigned retreat”: Joshua and the main army will lure the men of Ai out of their gates, leaving the city defenceless for the hidden troops to seize. 

Verses 14-23: The Trap is Sprung.
The King of Ai, blinded by his previous victory, falls for the trap. As Joshua stretches out his javelin (a sign of Divine authority similar to Moses’ staff), the ambush rises, enters the city, and sets it on fire. The smoke becomes the signal for Joshua’s main force to turn and strike. 

Verses 24-29: Total Victory.
The victory is absolute. The King of Ai is hanged on a tree until evening, a sign of a “curse” (Deut. 21:23) and then buried under a heap of stones. This heap serves as a permanent memorial of the consequences of opposing the Divine will. 

Verses 30-35: The Altar at Mount Ebal.
The chapter ends not with a military parade, but with a religious assembly. In the heart of the land, between ‘Mount Ebal’ and ‘Mount Gerizim’, Joshua builds an altar of unhewn stones. He writes a copy of the Torah of Moses upon stones and reads every word, ‘blessings’ and ‘curses’, to the entire assembly, including women, children, and strangers. 

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My Closing Message:

The lesson of Joshua 8 is that a true victory is found in the balance of effort and Law. Joshua used clever military tactics (the ambush), but he knew the battle was won because of אֱלֹהִים - Elohim’s blessed promise. 

However, the most important “conquest” in this chapter is not the city of Ai; it is the conquest of the heart that takes place at the end of the chapter. By reading the Torah to the people, Joshua reminds Israel that living in the Land is conditional upon their relationship with the Word. We learn that after we overcome our “Ai” (our failures), we must immediately return to our Spiritual foundations to ensure we do not stray again!

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This site was originally created, for those who desired to return to our blessed and wonderful faith. Thus be wise and work on your faith and pray at least two or three times a day (if possible) and always seek our beloved אֱלֹהִים - Elohim’s guidance, for His love is always with us, especially when we seek Him, blessed be He! However this site has become very much a teaching site with hundreds of studies!

Remember what אֱלֹהִים - Elohim, blessed be He, said the following via several of our prophets...

Return unto Me, and I will return unto you, saith צְבָאוֹת- יְהוָה- the LORD of hostsMal’a’chi - Malachi 3:7. (JPS).

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“Hebraic Studies” motto is as follows;

“The More Torah, the More Life”,

For Elohim is the One who gave us our ... Life!”

May the שָׁלוֹם - Shalom = Peace of צְבָאוֹת- יְהוָהthe LORD of hosts, be with you, and please always uphold our blessed שַׁבָּת - Shabbat, as well as the מוֹעֲדִים Mo’a’dim - Feasts, and continue saying your daily תְּפִלָּה - Tefeelah’s - Prayers and regular בְּרָכָה Be’ra’chah’s - blessings before food and drinks, etc!

שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם Shalom Aleichem - Peace be with you!

Rabbi, Dr. Reuven Ben Avraham-Goossens, PhD.

 

 

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