Exodus-Chapter-20

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Throughout this site I may use any of the following three versions of the Tanakh: 1. “Jewish Publication Society” (JPS-1917), 2“Mechon-Mamre.org (MEC), and 3. “Sefaria.org (SEF), three brilliant versions, although JPS-1917 is my preferred version!

Colour coded details of our beloved TaNaKh:

1. Torah = History & Law, 2. Nevi’im = The Prophets. 3. *Ketuvim = all other Writings.

*The Ketuvim - Includes, Poetical books - Psalms, Proverbs, Job, the Megillot, or Scrolls - Song of Solomon, Ruth, Lamentations of Jeremiah, Ecclesiastes, and Esther, prophecy of Daniel, and history of Ezra, Nehemiah, and Chronicles I & II.

Please Note: Some alterations or (additions) have been made relating to ‘Names’ and ‘Attributes’ of אֱלֹהִים - Elohim, having been corrected like it once was pre the “Masoretic Text”.

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Remember the following truth from our beloved Torah!

Ye shall NOT ADD TO THE WORD which I command you, NEITHER SHALL YE DIMINISH FROM IT, that ye may keep the commandments of יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם - the LORD your Eloleichem, which I command you”. Davarim - Deuteronomy 4:2. (JPS-1917).

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“Exodus Chapter 20”

With Rabbi, Dr. Reuven Ben Avraham-Goossens, PhD.

Introduction:
Exodus Chapter 20 marks the absolute pinnacle of the Horeb experience, for
אֱלֹהִים - Elohim (God) gave us the revelation of the ‘Ten Utterances’ -  the ‘Ten Commandments’. It is the moment where the liberated Israelites received their foundational identity as a “holy nation”. These verses move from the cosmic awe of the Divine Voice speaking from heaven to the practical, ethical boundaries that define a just society. It establishes that the relationship with the Creator is inseparable from the moral obligations humans owe to one another, all set against a backdrop of fire, smoke, and a “thick darkness” that underscores the weight of the Covenant.

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Let us now read Exodus Chapter 20:1-22: (JPS-1917 version of the Torah).

1. “And אֱלֹהִים - Elohim spoke all these words, saying: 2. ‘I am יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ - the LORD thy Eloheicha, who brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. Thou shalt have no other gods before Me. 3. Thou shalt not make unto thee a graven image, nor any manner of likeness, of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; 4. thou shalt not bow down unto them, nor serve them; for I יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ - the LORD thy Eloheicha am a jealous אֱלֹהִים - Elohim, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate Me; 5. and showing mercy unto the thousandth generation of them that love Me and keep My commandments. 6. Thou shalt not take the Name of יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ - the LORD thy Eloheicha in vain; for יְהוָה - the LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh His name in vain. 7. Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. 8. Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work; 9. but the seventh day is a Sabbath unto יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ - the LORD thy Eloheicha, in it thou shalt not do any manner of work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, nor thy man-servant, nor thy maid-servant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates; 10. for in six days יְהוָה - the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested on the seventh day; wherefore יְהוָה - the LORD blessed the Sabbath day, and hallowed it. 11. Honour thy father and thy mother, that thy days may be long upon the land which יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ - The LORD thy Eloheicha giveth thee. 12. Thou shalt not murder Thou shalt not commit adultery. Thou shalt not steal. Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour. 13. Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour’s house; thou shalt not covet thy neighbour’s wife, nor his man-servant, nor his maid-servant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour’s’. 14. And all the people perceived the thunderings, and the lightnings, and the voice of the horn, and the mountain smoking; and when the people saw it, they trembled, and stood afar off. 15. And they said unto Moses: ‘Speak thou with us, and we will hear; but let not אֱלֹהִים - Elohim speak with us, lest we die’. 16. And Moses said unto the people: ‘Fear not; for אֱלֹהִים - Elohim is come to prove you, and that His fear may be before you, that ye sin not’. 17. And the people stood afar off; but Moses drew near unto the thick darkness where אֱלֹהִים - Elohim was 18. And יְהוָה - the LORD said unto Moses: ‘Thus thou shalt say unto the children of Israel: Ye yourselves have seen that I have talked with you from heaven. 19. Ye shall not make with Me gods of silver, or gods of gold, ye shall not make unto you. 20. An altar of earth thou shalt make unto Me, and shalt sacrifice thereon thy burnt-offerings, and thy peace-offerings, thy sheep, and thine oxen; in every place where I cause My Name to be mentioned I will come unto thee and bless thee. 21. And if thou make Me an altar of stone, thou shalt not build it of hewn stones; for if thou lift up thy tool upon it, thou hast profaned it. 22. Neither shalt thou go up by steps unto Mine altar, that thy nakedness be not uncovered thereon’”.

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Let us now look at all verses covered with Explanations:

Explanation Verses 1-2: אֱלֹהִים - Elohim (God) speaks the Ten Utterances, beginning with a self-introduction as the One who brought the people out of “the house of bondage”.

Explanation Verses 3-6: The first and second utterances prohibit having other gods and the making of any “graven image”. It warns that the Divine is a “jealous אֱלֹהִים - Elohim”, yet shows mercy unto the thousandth generation of those who love Him.

Explanation Verse 7: The third utterance forbids taking the name of יְהוָה the LORD “in vain”, noting that such an act will not go unpunished.

Explanation Verses 8-11: The fourth utterance commands the sanctification of the Sabbath. Six days of work are followed by a seventh day of rest for all men, women, servants, cattle, and strangers commemorating the Divine rest after Creation.

Explanation Verse 12: The fifth utterance commands to “Honour thy father and thy mother”. with the promise of long life upon the land.

Explanation Verses 13-15: Three concise moral imperatives: “Thou shalt not murder”. “Thou shalt not commit adultery” and “Thou shalt not steal”.

Explanation Verse 16: The prohibition against bearing “false witness” against a neighbour.

Explanation Verse 17: The final utterance against coveting a neighbour’s house, wife, servants, or property, addressing the internal roots of social discord.

Explanation Verses 18-19: The people see the “thunderings” and “lightnings” and tremble. Overwhelmed, they ask Moses to act as an intermediary so they do not die from the direct intensity of the Voice.

Explanation Verse 20: Moses tells the people “Fear not”, explaining that the awe is a test intended to keep them from sinning.

Explanation Verse 21: The people maintain their distance while Moses approaches the “thick darkness” where אֱלֹהִים - Elohim was.

Explanation Verse 22: The chapter concludes with a bridge to the next laws: יְהוָה the LORD instructs Moses to remind the people that they have “seen that I have talked with you from heaven”, followed by the instructions for the altar that it be made of earth or unhewn stone and approached without steps to ensure total modesty. 

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My Closing Message:
Chapter 20 demonstrates that the Law is a singular, integrated reality. By beginning with the memory of liberation and ending with the requirement for a simple, unadorned altar, the text teaches that true worship is not found in elaborate craftsmanship or human ego, but in the humble adherence to a moral and spiritual code. The Horeb Revelation establishes that while
אֱלֹהִים - Elohim is found in the “thick darkness”, His will is made manifest through clear, actionable ethics that preserve the dignity of every individual within the community.

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This site was originally created, for those who desired to return to our blessed and wonderful faith. Thus be wise and work on your faith and pray at least two or three times a day (if possible) and always seek our beloved אֱלֹהִים - Elohim’s guidance, for His love is always with us, especially when we seek Him, blessed be He! However this site has become very much a teaching site with hundreds of studies!

Remember what אֱלֹהִים - Elohim, blessed be He, said the following via several of our prophets...

Return unto Me, and I will return unto you, saith צְבָאוֹת- יְהוָה- the LORD of hostsMal’a’chi - Malachi 3:7. (JPS).

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“The More Torah, the More Life”,

For Elohim is the One who gave us our ... Life!”

May the שָׁלוֹם - Shalom = Peace of צְבָאוֹת- יְהוָהthe LORD of hosts, be with you, and please always uphold our blessed שַׁבָּת - Shabbat, as well as the מוֹעֲדִים Mo’a’dim - Feasts, and continue saying your daily תְּפִלָּה - Tefeelah’s - Prayers and regular בְּרָכָה Be’ra’chah’s - blessings before food and drinks, etc!

שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם Shalom Aleichem - Peace be with you!

Rabbi, Dr. Reuven Ben Avraham-Goossens, PhD.

 

 

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