Exodus-Chapter-18

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Please Note: Some alterations or (additions) have been made relating to ‘Names’ and ‘Attributes’ of אֱלֹהִים - Elohim, having been corrected like it once was pre the “Masoretic Text”.

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Remember the following truth from our beloved Torah!

Ye shall NOT ADD TO THE WORD which I command you, NEITHER SHALL YE DIMINISH FROM IT, that ye may keep the commandments of יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם - the LORD your Eloleichem, which I command you”. Davarim - Deuteronomy 4:2. (JPS-1917).

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“Exodus Chapter 18”

With Rabbi, Dr. Reuven Ben Avraham-Goossens, PhD.

Introduction:
Exodus Chapter 18 offers a profound shift from the physical warfare of the previous chapter to the essential work of nation-building and administrative wisdom. The arrival of Jethro, the priest of Midian and Moses’ father-in-law, brings a restorative family reunion and a critical outside perspective on the fledgling nation’s governance. This chapter highlights the transition from a single charismatic leader bearing the entire burden of the people to a structured judicial system. It demonstrates that even a Divinely led community requires practical organization and the delegation of authority to maintain peace and endurance.

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Let us now read Exodus Chapter 18:1-27: (JPS-1917 version of the Torah).

1. “Now Jethro, the priest of Midian, Moses’ father-in-law, heard of all that אֱלֹהִים - Elohim (God) had done for Moses, and for Israel His people, how that יְהוָה - the LORD had brought Israel out of Egypt2. And Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law, took Zipporah, Moses’ wife, after he had sent her away, 3. and her two sons; of whom the name of the one was Gershom; for he said: ‘I have been a stranger in a strange land’; 4. and the name of the other was Eliezer: ‘for the אֱלֹהִים - Elohim of my father was my help, and delivered me from the sword of Pharaoh’. 5. And Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law, came with his sons and his wife unto Moses into the wilderness where he was encamped, at the mount of אֱלֹהִים - Elohim (Mount Horeb); 6. and he said unto Moses: ‘I thy father-in-law Jethro am coming unto thee, and thy wife, and her two sons with her’. 7. And Moses went out to meet his father-in-law, and bowed down and kissed him; and they asked each other of their welfare; and they came into the tent. 8. And Moses told his father-in-law all that יְהוָה - the LORD had done unto Pharaoh and to the Egyptians for Israel’s sake, all the travail that had come upon them by the way, and how יְהוָה - the LORD delivered them. 9. And Jethro rejoiced for all the goodness which יְהוָה - the LORD had done to Israel, in that He had delivered them out of the hand of the Egyptians. 10. And Jethro said: ‘Blessed be יְהוָה - the LORD, who hath delivered you out of the hand of the Egyptians, and out of the hand of Pharaoh; who hath delivered the people from under the hand of the Egyptians. 11. Now I know that יְהוָה - the LORD is greater than all gods; yea, for that they dealt proudly against them’. 12. And Jethro, Moses’ father-in-law, took a burnt-offering and sacrifices for אֱלֹהִים - Elohim; and Aaron came, and all the elders of Israel, to eat bread with Moses’ father-in-law before אֱלֹהִים - Elohim. 13. And it came to pass on the morrow, that Moses sat to judge the people; and the people stood about Moses from the morning unto the evening. 14. And when Moses' father-in-law saw all that he did to the people, he said: ‘What is this thing that thou doest to the people? why sittest thou thyself alone, and all the people stand about thee from morning unto even?’ 15. And Moses said unto his father-in-law: ‘Because the people come unto me to inquire of אֱלֹהִים - Elohim16. when they have a matter, it cometh unto me; and I judge between a man and his neighbour, and I make them know the statutes of , and His laws’. 17. And Moses’ father-in-law said unto him: ‘The thing that thou doest is not good. 18. Thou wilt surely wear away, both thou, and this people that is with thee; for the thing is too heavy for thee; thou art not able to perform it thyself alone. 19. Hearken now unto my voice, I will give thee counsel, and אֱלֹהִים - Elohim be with thee: be thou for the people before אֱלֹהִים - Elohim, and bring thou the causes unto אֱלֹהִים - Elohim. 20. And thou shalt teach them the statutes and the laws, and shalt show them the way wherein they must walk, and the work that they must do. 21. Moreover thou shalt provide out of all the people able men, such as fear אֱלֹהִים - Elohim, men of truth, hating unjust gain; and place such over them, to be rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens. 22. And let them judge the people at all seasons; and it shall be, that every great matter they shall bring unto thee, but every small matter they shall judge themselves; so shall they make it easier for thee and bear the burden with thee. 23. If thou shalt do this thing, and אֱלֹהִים - Elohim command thee so, then thou shalt be able to endure, and all this people also shall go to their place in peace’. 24. So Moses hearkened to the voice of his father-in-law, and did all that he had said. 25. And Moses chose able men out of all Israel, and made them heads over the people, rulers of thousands, rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties, and rulers of tens. 26. And they judged the people at all seasons: the hard causes they brought unto Moses, but every small matter they judged themselves. 27. And Moses let his father-in-law depart; and he went his way into his own land”.

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Let us now look at all verses covered with Explanations:

Explanation Verses 1-5: Jethro hears of “all that אֱלֹהִים - Elohim had done for Moses, and for Israel His people”, specifically the liberation from Egypt. He travels to the wilderness, bringing with him Moses’ wife, Zipporah, and her two sons, Gershom and Eliezer. The names of the sons serve as a brief recap of Moses’ journey from being a “stranger in a strange land” to finding “help” in the אֱלֹהִים - Elohim of his father.

Explanation Verses 6-9: The reunion is marked by deep mutual respect; Moses goes out to meet his father-in-law, bows, and kisses him. Inside the tent, Moses recounts the “travail” they met by the way and how יְהוָה - the LORD delivered them. Jethro “rejoiced for all the goodness” shown to Israel.

Explanation Verses 10-12: Jethro offers a declaration of faith: “Now I know that יְהוָה - the LORD is greater than all gods”. He provides a burnt-offering and sacrifices for אֱלֹהִים - Elohim. Aaron and all the elders of Israel join Jethro “to eat bread before אֱלֹהִים - Elohim”, signifying a communal bond and recognition of the Divine hand in their success.

Explanation Verses 13-16: The following day, Jethro observes Moses sitting alone from “morning unto evening” to judge the people. When questioned, Moses explains that the people come to him to “inquire of אֱלֹהִים - Elohim” and to have their disputes settled according to “the statutes of אֱלֹהִים - Elohim, and His laws”.

Explanation Verses 17-18: Jethro offers a blunt critique: “The thing that thou doest is not good”. He warns Moses that he will surely “wear away” both himself and the people, because the task is so very heavy to perform all alone.

Explanation Verses 19-23: Jethro provides a strategic plan: Moses should remain the intermediary for “אֱלֹהִים - Elohim -ward”, thus matters and the teacher of the laws, but he must select “able men, such as fear אֱלֹהִים - Elohim, men of truth, hating unjust gain”. These men are to be appointed as rulers of thousands, hundreds, fifties, and tens to judge the “small matters”, whilst only the “great matters” comes to Moses.

Explanation Verses 24-26: Moses hearkens to the voice of his father-in-law and implements the plan exactly. The “able men” are chosen out of all Israel, creating a tiered judicial system that ensures “hard causes” reach Moses while the daily needs of the people are met locally.

Explanation Verse 27: The chapter concludes with a quiet departure as Moses lets his father-in-law depart to “his own land”, leaving Israel better equipped for the journey ahead.

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My Closing Message:
Exodus 18 teaches that the pursuit of justice is a shared responsibility. While the Law is Divine, its administration requires human wisdom and sustainable structure. By accepting Jethro’s counsel, Moses demonstrates that true leadership involves humility and the recognition of one’s own limitations. The establishment of the “rulers of thousands and hundreds” ensures that the congregation is not merely a crowd following a miracle-worker, but an organized society governed by truth and integrity. This chapter serves as the necessary bridge to the Revelation at Sinai, proving that a people must first be able to live in order with one another before they can fully receive the Covenant.

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Remember what אֱלֹהִים - Elohim, blessed be He, said the following via several of our prophets...

Return unto Me, and I will return unto you, saith צְבָאוֹת- יְהוָה- the LORD of hostsMal’a’chi - Malachi 3:7. (JPS).

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“Hebraic Studies” motto is as follows;

“The More Torah, the More Life”,

For Elohim is the One who gave us our ... Life!”

May the שָׁלוֹם - Shalom = Peace of צְבָאוֹת- יְהוָהthe LORD of hosts, be with you, and please always uphold our blessed שַׁבָּת - Shabbat, as well as the מוֹעֲדִים Mo’a’dim - Feasts, and continue saying your daily תְּפִלָּה - Tefeelah’s - Prayers and regular בְּרָכָה Be’ra’chah’s - blessings before food and drinks, etc!

שָׁלוֹם עֲלֵיכֶם Shalom Aleichem - Peace be with you!

Rabbi, Dr. Reuven Ben Avraham-Goossens, PhD.

 

 

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